How can we better support young adults in developing a positive relationship with their bodies?
Research led by Dr Joshua Marmara, Lecturer in Rehabilitation Counselling, has examined the psychological and behavioural factors that contribute to body appreciation and wellbeing – and the differences between men and women.
“Historically, research has focused on body dissatisfaction and negative outcomes,” Dr Marmara explains. “But we wanted to explore what helps people feel good about their bodies, and how that supports mental health.”
The research team found that self-compassion, intrinsic exercise motivations and planned physical activity are associated with body appreciation and positive wellbeing. The research also revealed some key differences across sexes.
“For men, we found that higher self-compassion led to stronger intrinsic motivation to exercise, which resulted in more planned physical activity, greater body appreciation and, ultimately, better wellbeing,” he says.
“For women, body appreciation played a more central role, acting as a bridge between physical activity and wellbeing.”
“These findings suggest we need to think differently about how we support men and women in this space,” he adds. “A one-size-fits-all approach may not be effective.”
By focusing on positive psychological concepts, rather than body dissatisfaction, this research contributes a more holistic understanding of how young adults experience body image. It also points to the need for sex-sensitive health psychology interventions.
Dr Marmara says the findings have implications for fitness, mental health and public health programs.
“Programs that help build self-compassion, encourage body-positive forms of physical activity, and shift the focus away from appearance and towards functionality could make a real difference.”
