Science, Technology and Engineering

• Areas of study
• Research
• Your study experience
• Professional and community connections
• About the Faculty
  • Our staff
    • Advanced search
  • Our campuses
  • Schools and departments
  • Alumni
  • News
  • Events
  • Faculty publications
  • Dean's Public Lectures
  • Teaching and learning
• Contact us

MIC3AMM - Molecular Virology (3rd Year Microbiology )

MIC2MVM - Viruses and Vaccines (2nd Year Microbiology )

MIC2ID - Topics in Infectious Diseases (2nd Year Microbiology)

MED3MSA - Infectious Diseases (3rd Year Medical Science)

•  M.G. Jacobs, P.J. Robinson, C. Bletchly, J.M. Mackenzie and P.R. Young (2000). Dengue virus non-structural protein 1 is linked to a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchor and is a signalling molecule. FASEB Journal 14, 1603-1610.
• J.M. Mackenzie, A.A. Khromykh and E.G. Westaway (2001). Stable expression of noncytopathic Kunjin replicons simulates both ultrastructural and biochemical characteristics observed during replication of Kunjin virus. Virology 279, 161-172.
• S.J. Greive, R.I. Webb, J.M. Mackenzie and E.J. Gowans (2001). Expression of the hepatitis C virus structural proteins in mammalian cells induces morphology similar to that in natural infection. J. Viral Hepatitis, 9, 9-17.
• J.M. Mackenzie and E.G. Westaway (2001). Assembly and maturation of the flavivirus Kunjin appears to occur in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and along the secretory pathway, respectively. J. Virol., 75, 10787-10799.
• E.G. Westaway, J.M. Mackenzie and A.A. Khromykh (2002). Replication and gene function in Kunjin virus. In "Japanese encephalitis and West Nile viruses" (Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology series), eds. J.S. Mackenzie, A.D.T. Barrett and V. Deubel, pp. 323-351. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
• E.V. Gazina, J.M. Mackenzie, R.J. Gorrell, and D.A. Anderson (2002). Differential requirements for COPI coats in formation of replication complexes between three genera of Picornaviridae. J. Virol. 76, 11113-11122.
• S.P. Lim, H.M. Soo, Y.H. Tan, S. Brenner, H. Horstmann, J.M. Mackenzie, M.L. Ng, S.G. Lim, and W. Hong (2002). Inducible system in human hepatoma cell lines for Hepatitis C virus production. Virology 303, 79-99.
• E.G. Westaway, J.M. Mackenzie and A.A. Khromykh (2003). Kunjin RNA replication and applications of Kunjin replicons. Invited Chapter in Advances in Virus Research, 59, 99-140
• T.J. Harvey, I. Anraku, R. Linedale, D. Harrich, J.M. Mackenzie, A. Suhrbier, and A.A Khromykh. (2003). Kunjin replicon vectors encoding the Human Immunodeficiency virus type-1 gag gene induce gag-specific antibody and protective CD8+ T-cell immune responses. J. Virol.. 77, 7796-7803.
• M. Kim, J.M. Mackenzie and E.G. Westaway (2004). Comparisons of physical separation methods of Kunjin virus-induced membranes. Journal of Virological Methods, 120, 179-187.
• T. Dokland, M. Walsh, J.M. Mackenzie, A.A. Khromykh, K.-H. Ee, and S. Wang. (2004). Crystal structure of the core protein from West Nile virus subtype Kunjin. Structure, 12, 1157-1163.
• C. E. Wobus, S. M. Karst, A. Krug, K.-O. Chang, S. V. Sosnovtsev, G. Belliot, J. M. Mackenzie, K. Y. Green, and H. W. Virgin IV. (2004). Replication of a Norovirus in cell culture reveals a tropism for dendritic cells and macrophages. PLOS Biology, 2, 2076-2084.
• J.M. Mackenzie (2005). Wrapping things up about virus RNA replication. Traffic 6, 967-977.
• J. Roosendaal, E.G. Westaway, A.A. Khromykh and J.M. Mackenzie (2006). Regulated cleavages at the West Nile Virus NS4A-2K-NS4B junction play a major role in rearranging cytoplasmic membranes and golgi trafficking of the NS4A protein. J. Virol. 80, 4623-4632.
• S. Stertz, M. Reichelt, J. Krijnse-Locker, J.M. Mackenzie, J. Simpson, O. Haller, and G. Kochs. (2006). Interferon-induced, antiviral human MxA protein localizes to a distinct subcompartment of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research, 26, 650-660.
• G. Haqshenas, J.M. Mackenzie, X. Dong and E.J. Gowans. (2007). The HCV p7 protein is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum when it is encoded by a replication competent genome. J. Gen. Virol., 88, 134-142.
• S.R. Schaecher, J.M. Mackenzie and A. Pekosz. (2007). The ORF7b protein of SARS-CoV is expressed in virus-infected cells and incorporated into SARS-CoV particles. Journal of Virology, 81, 718-731.
• J.M. Mackenzie, M.T. Kenney and E.G. Westaway. (2007). West Nile virus NS5 polymerase is a phosphoprotein localized at the cytoplasmic site of viral RNA synthesis. J. Gen. Virology, 88, 1163-1168.
• H. Malet, M.-P. Egloff, B. Selisko, R.E. Butcher, P.J. Wright, M. Roberts, A. Gruez, G. Sulzenbacher, C. Vonrhein, G. Bricogne, J.M. Mackenzie, A.A. Khromykh, A.D. Davidson and B. Canard. (2007). Crystal Structure of the RNA polymerase domain of West Nile Virus NS5. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 282, 10678-89.
• J.M. Mackenzie, A.A. Khromykh and R.G. Parton. (2007). Cholesterol manipulation by West Nile virus perturbs the cellular immune response. Cell Host & Microbe, 2, 229-239.
• A. Hoenen, W. Liu, G. Kochs, A.A. Khromykh and J.M. Mackenzie. (2007). West Nile virus-induced cytoplasmic membrane structures provide partial protection against the interferon-induced antiviral MxA protein. J. Gen. Virology, 88, 3013-3017.

•             J.Y. Leung, G.P. Pijlman, N. Kondratieva, J.L. Hyde, J.M. Mackenzie and A.A. Khromykh. (2008). The role of non-structural protein NS2A in flavivirus assembly. Journal of Virology, 82: 4731-4741.

•             M.J. Snooks, P. Bhat, J.M. Mackenzie, N.A. Counihan, N. Vaughan and D.A. Anderson. (2008). Vectorial entry and release of hepatitis a virus in polarized human hepatocytes. Journal of Virology, 82: 8733-8742. 

•              J.C. Martyn, A.J. Cardin, B.D. Wines, A. Cendron, S. Li, J.M. Mackenzie, M. Powell and E. J. Gowans (2009). Surface display of IgG Fc on baculovirus vectors enhances binding to antigen-presenting cells and cell lines expressing Fc receptors. Archives of Virology, 154:1129-1138.

•              J.L. Hyde, S.V. Sosnovtsev, K.Y. Green, C. Wobus, H.W. Virgin and J.M. Mackenzie (2009). Mouse norovirus replication is associated with virus-induced vesicle clusters originating from membranes derived from the secretory pathway. Journal of Virology, 83:9709-9719.

•              J.L. Hyde, and J.M. Mackenzie (2010). Subcellular localization of the MNV-1 ORF1 proteins and their role in the formation of the MNV-1 replication complex. Virology, 406:138-148.

•            L.K. Gillespie, A. Hoenen, G. Morgan and J.M. Mackenzie (2010). The Endoplasmic reticulum provides the membrane platform for biogenesis of the flavivirus replication complex. Journal of Virology, 84:10438-10447.

•             R.A. Bull1, J. Hyde, J.M. Mackenzie, G.S. Hansman, T. Oka, N. Takeda and P.A. White (2011). Comparison of the replication properties of murine and human calicivirus RNA dependent RNA polymerases. Virus Genes, accepted for publication 21st Sept 2010.

•           R.L. Ambrose and J.M. Mackenzie (2011) West Nile virus differentially modulates the unfolded protein response to facilitate replication and immune evasion Journal of Virology, 86:

Our current research investigates the intracellular events associated with efficient replication of highly pathogenic viruses; members of the Flaviviridae family, Caliciviridae family and the emerging pathogen Avian Influenza virus. Our research approach is multi-faceted but focuses mainly on the cell biology principles utilized during virus infection, and the processes of viral RNA replication and virion assembly. Our main goals are to understand the events of virus replication and how these processes influence cellular functions thus ultimately defining pathological steps generating disease. In particular the influences virus replication imparts on immune regulation and dysfunction. We are also exploiting some of these immune evasion strategies to utilize genetic techniques to express immunoactive compounds to prevent infection and disease of human pathogens.

      Currently we are investigating:

·          -The role of cellular lipids in the establishment and maintenance of membrane-bound RNA replication complexes of               members of the Flaviviridae and Caliciviridae.

           - Analysing the possible redistribution of cellular lipids to viral replication sites and what outcomes this has on cellular metabolic processes and gene regulation, in particular the manipulation of lipid biosynthesis and dependency of cellular lipids for immune competency.

·          - Provide a detailed molecular, biochemical and cellular analysis of Calicivirus replication as a means to identify defective steps in current in vitro culture systems.

·         - The ability of West Nile virus to evade the antiviral properties of the interferon-induced MxA protein.

·         - Exploit the expression of MxA from the West Nile virus replicon vector to prevent replication of viruses normally sensitive to MxA, namely influenza and measles viruses.