Staff profile

Dr Chris Pakes

Associate Dean (Research)

Faculty of Science, Technology and Engineering

School of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences
Department of Physics

Physical Sciences Building 1, Melbourne (Bundoora)

 

Qualifications

BSc, PhD University of Birmingham UK

Area of study

Physics

Brief profile

Chris Pakes' research interests are in the area of experimental condensed matter physics, focusing particularly on nanoscale and low-dimensional systems. He leads the Atom-scale Research Laboratory, a group that is currently engaged in a program of research studying surface transfer doping for a variety of semiconductor materials.

This work is done in close collaboration with partners at the University of Erlangen (Prof Lothar Ley), University of Nottingham (Prof Philip Moriarty), Naval Research Laboratory (Dr Paul Sheehan), University of Melbourne (Prof Steven Prawer, Dr Jiri Cervenka and Dr Laurens van Beveren) and the Australian Synchrotron (Dr Anton Tadich).

Atomlab members and current projects:

  • Mark Edmonds (PhD): Surface transfer doping of hydrogen-terminated diamond.
  • Kevin Rietwyk (PhD): Surface termination effects in diamond and silicon.
  • Yaou Smets (PhD): Photoemission studies of porphyrin-fullerene interfaces.
  • Christian Stark (PhD): STM studies of fluorofullerene-metal and fluorofullerene-porphyrin and fluorofullerene-graphene interfaces.
  • Fadhlia Zakaria (PhD): Functional surface acceptors on diamond.
  • Alex Schenk (PhD): Electronic materials at the atomic scale.
  • Chris Wright (PhD): Molecular assembly in surface transfer doped materials.
  • Ben Spencer (Hons): Bottom-up fabrication and measurement of low-dimensional electronic materials.

Recent visitors:

  • Prof Lothar Ley (University of Erlangen, Germany)
  • Mathias Fingerle (TU Kaiserslautern, Germany)
  • Quentin Grueau (UTT, France)

Atomlab facilities and Instrumentation:

The group uses a combination of experimental techniques, predominantly synchrotron-based photoemission (soft X-ray spectroscopy at the Australian Synchrotron and AR-PES at BESSY), UHV scanning probe microscopy, surface and device transport measurements. The Atomlab houses and manages the following key facilities:

  • Createc cryogenic (6 Kelvin) UHV Scanning Tunnelling Microscope/qPlus Atomic Force Microscope with in-situ instrumentation for molecular dosing and passivation of surfaces and LEED.
  • SPECS Aarhus UHV Scanning Tunnelling Microscope with in-situ molecular dosing and LEED.
  • JEOL 4500 UHV scanning probe microscope with XPS, Auger, SEM and instrumentation for molecular dosing.
  • Cryomech helium liquifier.
  • Microwave hydrogen plasma system for passivation of diamond surfaces.

 

Key research grants:

  • ARC LIEF 2013, $670,000: E.S. Skafidas, S. Prawer, C.I. Pakes, K. Alameh, L.C. Hollenberg, S. Petrou, A. Nirmalathas, B. Eggleton, B. Abbey, S. Harrer, Helium and neon ion microscope for sub nanometer imaging and fabrication.
  • ARC LIEF 2012, $600,000: P.J. Pigram, A.G. Peele, C.I. Pakes, G.A. van Riessen, M. Forsyth, M.R. Barnett, P.C. Howlett, C. Wen, Advanced surface imaging and spectroscopy facility: Scanning Auger Microprobe.
  • ARC DP 2008-10, $368,000: C.I. Pakes, J.D. Riley, P.J. Moriarty, C.J. Mellor, S. Rogge, L. Ley, Quantum transport in carbon-based materials.
  • ARC LIEF 2008, $350,000: C.I. Pakes, J.D. Riley, S. Prawer, C.M. Stampfl, D.N. Jamieson, Facility for imaging, manipulation and measurement of molecular-scale quantum materials.
  • ARC LIEF 2008, $350,000: P.J. Pigram, N. Brack, C.I. Pakes, J.D. Riley, C.F. Hogan, E. Hanssen, B.F. Usher, G.P. Simon, M. Forsyth, P.A. Webley, J.R. Friend, G.L. Kelly, T. Lin, B.L. Fox, Advanced surface characterisation facility.
  • ARC LIEF 2007, $445,000: C.I. Pakes, D.N. Jamieson, S. Prawer, C.M. Stampfl, A.P.J. Stampfl, J. Bartlett, P.J. Evans, Infrastructure for surface and molecular-level electronic and spintronic materials measurement.
  • ARC COE 2003-07, $14 M: R.G. Clark, and others, Centre for Quantum Computer Technology.

Research interests

Semiconductor materials and devices

- Surface transfer doping of diamond, graphene, silicon and organic semiconductors.

Teaching units

Research coordinator in the department of physics: PhD, Masters and Honours courses.

Lecturer of PHY1LSA  (Physics for Life Science), PHY3PQM  (Physics of Quantum Matter) and PHY4MES  (Mesoscopic Nanoscience).

Recent publications

68. K.J. Rietwyk, S.L. Wong, L. Cao, K. O'Donnell, L. Ley, A.T.S. Wee, and C.I. Pakes, "Work function and electron affinity of the fluorine-terminated (100) diamond surface", Applied Physics Letters, accepted 14 February (2013).

67. M.T. Edmonds, A. Tadich, M. Wanke, K.M. O'Donell, Y. Smets, K.J. Rietwyk, J.D. Riley, C.I. Pakes, and L. Ley, "Valence bandstructure and critical point energies of diamond along [100]", Physical Review B, accepted 29 January (2013).

66. Y. Smets, C.B. Stark, F. Schmitt, M.T. Edmonds, S. Lach, C.A. Wright, D.P. Langley, K.J. Rietwyk, A. Schenk, A. Tadich, M. Wanke, C. Ziegler, L. Ley, and C.I. Pakes, "Doping efficiency and energy-level scheme in C60F48-doped zinc-tetraphenylporphyrin films", Organic Electronics, 14, 169 (2013).

65. C. Bradec, T. Gaebel, C.I. Pakes, A.V. Zvyagin, and J. Rabeau, “Effect of the nanodiamond host on a nitrogen-vacancy colour-centre emission state”, Small, 9, 132 (2013).

64. L. Ley, Y. Smets, C.I. Pakes, and J. Ristein, “Calculating the universal energy-level alignment of organic molecules on metal oxides”, Advanced Functional Materials, 23, 794 (2013).

63. P. Sharp, S. Jarvis, R. Woolley, A. Sweetman, L. Kantorovich, C.I. Pakes, and P.J. Moriarty, “Identifying passivated dynamic force microscopy tips on H:Si(100)”, Appl. Phys. Lett., 100, 233120 (2012).

62. M.T. Edmonds, M. Wanke, A. Tadich, H.M. Vulling, K.J. Rietwyk, P.L.  Sharp, C.B. Stark, Y. Smets, A. Schenk, Q.-H. Wu, L. Ley and C.I. Pakes, “Surface transfer doping of hydrogen-terminated diamond by C60F48: level scheme and doping efficiency”, J. Chem. Phys., 136, 124701 (2012).

61. D. Langley, Y. Smets, C.B. Stark, M.T. Edmonds, A. Tadich, K.J. Rietwyk, A. Schenk, M. Wanke, Q.-H. Wu, P. Barnard, L. Ley, and C.I. Pakes, “Surface transfer doping of diamond with a molecular heterojunction”, Appl. Phys. Lett., 100, 032103 (2012).

60. M.T. Edmonds, C.I. Pakes, A. Tadich, S. Mammadov, W. Zhang, J. Ristein and L. Ley, “Simultaneous measurement of the electronic properties of surface conducting H-terminated diamond”, Phys. Stat. Solidi (a), 208, 2062 (2011).

59. K.J. Rietwyk, M. Wanke, H.M. Vulling, P. Sharp, M.T. Edmonds, Y. Smets, Q.-H. Wu, A. Tadich, S. Rubanov, P.J. Moriarty, L. Ley and C.I. Pakes, “Fluorination of the diamond surface by irradiation of C60F48”, Phys. Rev. B, 84, 035404 (2011).

58. M.T.Edmonds, C.I. Pakes, A. Tadich, S. Mammadov, W. Zhang, J. Ristein and L. Ley, “Surface band bending and electron affinity as a function of hole accumulation density in surface conducting diamond”, Appl. Phys. Lett., 98, 102101 (2011).

57. S.Q. Wu, Y. Zhou, Q.H. Wu, C.I. Pakes, and Z.-Z. Zhu, “Adsorption of selenium atoms at Si(111)-7x7 surface: A combination of scanning tunnelling microscopy and density functional theory studies”, Chem. Phys., 382, 41 (2011).

56. M.T. Edmonds, C.I. Pakes and L. Ley, “A self-consistent solution of the Schrödinger-Poisson equations for hydrogen terminated diamond”, Phys. Rev. B, 81, 085314 (2010).

55. G.C. Tettamanzi, C.I. Pakes, A. Potenza, S. Rubanov, C.H. Marrows, and S. Prawer, “Superconducting transition in Nb nanowires fabricated using focused ion beams”, Nanotechnology 20, 465302 (2009).

54. C.I. Pakes, D. Hoxley, M.T. Edmonds, J. Rabeau, R. Kalish, S. Prawer, “Scanning Kelvin-probe study of the hydrogen-terminated diamond surface in ultra-high vacuum”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 123108 (2009).

53. G.C. Tettamanzi, C.I. Pakes, S.K.H. Lam, and S. Prawer, “Flux noise in ion-implanted nanoSQUIDs”, Superconductor Science and Technology, 22, 064006 (2009).

52. C.I. Pakes, D. Hoxley, S. Rubanov, J.R. Rabeau, S.M. Hearne, D.N. Jamieson, S. Prawer, and R. Kalish, “Work function of hydrogenated diamond surfaces under ion impact”, Surface Science, 601, 5732 (2007).

 

Older publications

 

51. F. Kohlmann, A.J.W. Gleadow, B.P. Kohn, A. Alves, and C.I. Pakes, “Atomic force microscopy of fission tracks in fluorapatite and mica: A tool for nanoscale investigations”, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 70, 327 (2006).

50. C.W. Jiang, C.I. Pakes, Y. Huang, G. Conibeer, M.A. Green, “Nano-scale electrical characterization of silicon quantum dots for the study of energy selective contacts in hot carrier solar cell”, Proceedings of 21st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Dresden, Germany (2006).

49. D.N. Jamieson, V. Chan, F.E. Hudson, S.E. Andreson, C.J. Yang, T. Hopf, S.M. Hearne, C.I. Pakes, S. Prawer, E. Gauja, A.S. Dzurak, and R.G. Clark, “Quantum effects in ion implanted devices”, Nucl. Inst. Meth. B , 249, 221 (2006).

48. T.M. Buehler, V. Chan, A.J. Ferguson, A.S. Dzurak, F.E. Hudson, D.J. Reilly, A.R. Hamilton, R.G. Clark, D.N. Jamieson, C.J. Yang, C.I. Pakes, and S. Prawer, “Controlled single electron transfer between Si:P dots”, Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, 192101 (2006).

47. C. Yang, D.N. Jamieson, S. Hearne, T. Hopf, C.I. Pakes, S. Prawer, S.E> Andreson, A. Dzurak, E. Gauja, F.E. Hudson, R.G. Clarke, "Integration of single ion implantation method in focused ion beam system for nanofabrication", Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 1, 612 (2006).

46. D.N. Jamieson, V. Chan, F.E. Hudson, S.E. Andreson, C. Yang, T. Hopf, S. Rubanov, "Fabrication of single atom nanoscale devices by ion implantation", Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 1, 547 (2006).

45. G.C. Tettamanzi, C.I. Pakes, A. Potenza, C.H. Marrows, S. Prawer, D.N. Jamieson, "Superconducting microbridge junctions fabricated using focused ion beams", Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 1, 403 (2006).

44. J.Y. Sze, B.K. Tay, C.I. Pakes, D.N. Jamieson, and S. Prawer, “Conducting Ni nanoparticles in an ion-modified polymer”, J. Appl. Phys., 98, 066101 (2005).

43. C.J. Yang, D.N. Jamieson, T. Hopf, S.E. Andresen, S. Hearne, F.E. Hudson, C.I. Pakes, M. Mitic, E. Gauja, G. Tamanyan, A.S. Dzurak, S. Prawer, and R.G. Clark, “Optimisation of single keV ion implantation for the construction of single P-donor devices”, Smart Structures, Devices, and Systems II, Proceedings of the SPIE, 5650, 64 (2005).

42. M. Mitic, S.E. Andresen, C. Yang, T. Hopf, V. Chan, E. Gauja, F.E. Hudson, T.M. Buehler, R. Brenner, A.J. Ferguson, C.I. Pakes, S.M. Hearne, G. Tamanyan, D.J. Reilly, A.R. Hamilton, D.N. Jamieson, A.S. Dzurak, R.G. Clark, "Single atom Si nanoelectronics using controlled single-ion implantation", Microelectronic Engineering 78-79, 279 (2005).

41. D.N. Jamieson, C.J. Yang, T. Hopf, S.M. Hearne, C.I. Pakes, S. Prawer, M. Mitic, E. Gauja, F.E. Hudson, V.C. Chan, S. Andresen, A.S. Dzurak, and R.G. Clark, “Controlled shallow single ion implantation in silicon using an active substrate for sub-20 keV ions”, Appl.Phys.Lett., 86, 202101 (2005).

40. T. Hopf, D.N. Jamieson, S.M. Hearne, C.J. Yang, C.I. Pakes, A.S. Dzurak, E. Gauja, and R.G. Clark, “Ion beam induced charge and numerical modeling study of novel detector devices for single ion implantation”, Nucl. Inst. Meth. B, 231, 463 (2005).

39. V. Millar, C.I. Pakes, S. Prawer, B. Rout, and D.N. Jamieson, “Thin-film resists for registration of single ion impacts”, Nanotechnology, 16, 823 (2005).

38. M.D.H. Lay, C.I. Pakes, and J.C. McCallum, “Kelvin-probe Force Microscopy defect study of ion-implanted thermal oxide thin films on Silicon”, IEEE Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Materials and Devices, Brisbane, Australia, 405 (2005). ISBN: 0.7803-8820-8.

37. P. Reichart, J.F.J. Cluitmans, C.I. Pakes, S. Orbons, and D.N. Jamieson, “3D microscopy of hydrogen and magnetic force on proton implanted microstructures in graphite”, Proc. 14th AINSE Conference on Nuclear and Complementary Techniques of Analysis & 9th Vacuum Society of Australia Congres, 20-22 Nov 2005, New Zealand (2005).

36. C.I. Pakes, S. Ramelow, S. Prawer and D.N. Jamieson, “Nanoscale electrical characterisation of trap-assisted quasi-breakdown fluctuations in SiO2”, Appl. Phys. Lett., 84, 3142 (2004).

35. L.C.L. Hollenberg, C.J. Wellard, C.I. Pakes, A.G. Fowler “Single spin readout for buried dopant semiconductor qubits”, Phys.Rev. B., 69, 233301 (2004).

34. C.I. Pakes, D.P. George, S. Ramelow, A. Cimmino, D.N. Jamieson, S. Prawer, “Manipulation of single magnetic protein particles using atomic force microscopy”, J.Mag.Magn.Mat., 272-276s, E1232 (2004).

33. L. M. Kettle, H.-S. Goan, S.C. Smith, G.J. Milburn, C.J. Wellard, L.C.L. Hollenberg and C.I. Pakes, “A Numerical Study of Hydrogenic Effective Mass Theory for an impurity P donor in Si in the presence of an electric field and interfaces”, Phys. Rev. B, 68, 075317 (2003).

32. R.G. Clark, R. Brenner, T.M. Buehler, V. Chan, N.J. Curson, A.S. Dzurak, E. Gauja, H.S. Goan, A.D. Greentree, T. Hallam, A.R. Hamilton, L.C.L. Hollenberg, D.N. Jamieson, J.C. McCallum, G.J. Milburn, J.L. O’Brien, L. Oberbeck, C.I. Pakes, S. Prawer, D.J. Reilly, F.J. Ruess, S.R. Schofield, M.Y. Simmons, F.E. Stanley, R.P. Starrett, C. Wellard, C. Yang, “Progress in silicon-based quantum computing”, Phil.Trans.R.Soc.Lond. A, 361, 1451 (2003).

31. C.J. Yang, D.N. Jamieson, C.I. Pakes, S. Prawer, A.S. Dzurak, F.E. Stanley, P. Spizziri, L.D. Macks, E. Gauja, R.G. Clark, “Single Phosphorus Ion Implantation into Prefabricated Nanometre Cells of Silicon Devices for Quantum Bit Fabrication”, J.J.Appl.Phys.Lett., 42, 4124 (2003).

30. C.J. Yang, D.N. Jamieson, C.I. Pakes, D.P. George, S.M. Hearne, A.S. Dzurak, E.Gauja, F. Stanley and R.G. Clark, “IBIC Characterisation of Novel Detectors for Single Atom Doping of Quantum Computer Devices”, Nuc. Inst. Meth. B, 210, 186 (2003).

29. C.I. Pakes, D.P. George, C.J. Yang, D.N. Jamieson, A.S. Dzurak, R.G. Clark, “Technology computer-aided design Modelling of Single-atom Doping for Fabrication of Buried Nanostructures”, Nanotechnology, 14, 157 (2003).

28. C.I. Pakes, V. Conrad, J.C. Ang, F. Green, A.S. Dzurak, L.C.L. Hollenberg, D.N. Jamieson and R.G. Clark “Modelling Single-electron-transistor-based Readout in the Kane Solid-State Quantum Computer”, Nanotechnology, 14, 161 (2003).

27. D.N. Jamieson, C.I. Pakes, C.J. Yang, P.G. Donnelan, A. Coulthurst, D.P. George, P.G. Spizzirri, J.C. McCallum, M. Lay, V. Millar, C.J. Wellard, L.C.L. Hollenberg, S. Prawer, A.S. Dzurak, F.E. Stanley, E. Gauja, K. Peceros, L.D. Macks, J. Szymanksa, T.M. Buehler, R.P. McKinnon, V. Chan, M. Mitic, D.J. Reilly, M.Y. Simmons, L. Oberbeck, N.J. Curson, S.R. Schofield, A.R. Hamilton, R.G. Clark, “Progress Towards a Revolutionary Quantum Computer in Silicon”, Proceedings of 15th AIP Congress, 1 (2002). ISBN: 0-9598064-4-X, Special issue of Transactions in Nanotechnology.

26. F. Parisoli, C.J. Wellard, L.C.L. Hollenberg, C.I. Pakes, “Voltage Dependence of the Exchange Interaction in the Kane Quantum Computer”, Proceedings of 15th AIP Congress, 430 (2002). ISBN: 0-9598064-4-X.

25. F.E. Stanley, E. Gauja, K. Peceros, L. Macks, J. Szymanska, T. Buehler, R. McKinnon, V. Chan, M. Mitic, A.S. Dzurak, R.G. Clark, C.J. Yang, C.I. Pakes, J. McCallum, D.N. Jamieson, S. Prawer, “Top-down Nanofabrication of Single-Ion Implanted Silicon Quantum Computer Devices”, Proceedings of 15th AIP Congress, 437-441 (2002). ISBN: 0-9598064-4-X.

24. C.I. Pakes, C.J. Wellard, D.N. Jamieson, L.C.L. Hollenberg, S. Prawer, A.S. Dzurak, A.R. Hamilton and R.G. Clark, “Modelling of electrostatic gate operations in the Kane solid state quantum computer”, Microelectronics Journal, 33, 1053 (2002).

23. R.G. Clark, P.C. Hammel, A.S. Dzurak, A.R. Hamilton, L.C.L. Hollenberg, D.N. Jamieson and C.I. Pakes, “Toward a Silicon-Based Nuclear-Spin Quantum Computer”, Los Alamos Science 27, 284, (2002).

22. C.J. Wellard, L.C.L. Hollenberg and C.I. Pakes, “Single-qubit operations on the Kane quantum computer”, Nanotechnology, 13, 570 (2002).

21. V. Millar, C.I. Pakes, A. Cimmino, D. Brett, D.N. Jamieson, S. Prawer, A.S. Dzurak, R.P. McKinnon and R.G. Clark, “Nanoscale fabrication using single-ion impacts”, Smart Materials and Structures, 11, 686 (2002).

20. C.J. Yang, D.N. Jamieson, S.M. Hearne, C.I. Pakes, B. Rout, E. Gauja A.J. Dzurak and R.G. Clark, “Ion Beam Induced Charge Characterisation of Particle Detectors”, Nuc. Inst. Methods B, 190, 212 (2002).

19. C.I. Pakes, D.N. Jamieson, S. Prawer, P.W. Josephs-Franks and R.P. Reed, “DC SQUID devices for NMR in phosphorous-implanted silicon”, Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Experimental Implementation of Quantum Computation, R.G. Clark, Ed., Rinton Press (Princeton, USA), 331 (2002). ISBN: 1-58949-013-4.

18.       C.I. Pakes, C.J. Wellard, D.N. Jamieson, L.C.L. Hollenberg, S. Prawer, A.S. Dzurak, A.R. Hamilton and R.G. Clark, “Modelling of electrostatic gate operations in the Kane solid state quantum computer”, SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. Proceedings of SPIE: Electronics and Structures for MEMS II, 4591, 70-77, (2001).

17. P. Hudson, L.F. Cohen, K. Yates, C.I. Pakes, P.W. Josephs-Franks, F. Damay, J. MacManus-Driscoll, N. Mathur and M. Blamire, “Spectroscopic and topographic study of LCMO thin films using low temperature STM”, J.Mag.Magn.Mat., 226-230, 2007, (2001).

16. C.I. Pakes, P.W. Josephs-Franks, R.P. Reed, S.G. Corner and M.S. Colclough, “Development of miniature DC SQUID devices for the detection of single atomic spin-flips”, IEEE Inst.Meas. 50, 310, (2001).

15. C. I. Pakes and W.F. Vinen, “Edge magnetoplasma modes in sheets of ions trapped below the surface of superfluid helium”, in “Edge Excitations of Low-Dimensional Charged Systems”, edited by O. Kirichek. Nova Science Publishers Inc., New York. (2000).

14. P.W. Josephs-Franks, R.P. Reed and C.I. Pakes, “Small area,  low-inductance niobium SQUID for the detection of single atomic spin-flips”, Physica B: Condens.Matter 280,  540, (2000).

13. C.I. Pakes,  P.L. Elliott and W.F. Vinen, “Inter-edge magnetoplasmons in two-dimensional circular sheets of 4He+ ions”, Physica B: Condens.Matter 284-288, 162, (2000).

12. P.L. Elliott,  C.I. Pakes,  L. Skrbek and W.F. Vinen, “Capillary-wave crystallography: Crystallization of two-dimensional sheets of He+ ions”, Phys.Rev. B61, 1396, (2000).

11. C. I. Pakes, “Matter in two dimensions: Sheets of ions trapped below the surface of superfluid helium”, Ph.D. thesis, The University of Birmingham, UK, (1999).

10. C.I. Pakes and P.L. Elliott, “Pools of ions trapped below the surface of superfluid helium”, J.Phys.:Condens.Matter. 11, 7737, (1999).

9. P.L. Elliott,  C.I. Pakes,  L. Skrbek and W.F. Vinen, “Damage and annealing in two-dimensional Coulomb crystals”, Physica B: Condens.Matter 249-251, 668, (1998).

8. P.L. Elliott,  C.I. Pakes,  L. Skrbek and W.F. Vinen, “Modes of transverse response in a two-dimensional Coulomb system above the melting temperature”, Physica B: Condens.Matter 249-251,  664, (1998).

7. P.L. Elliott,  S.S. Nazin,  C.I. Pakes,  L. Skrbek, W.F. Vinen and G.F. Cox, “Magnetoplasmons in two-dimensional circular sheets of 4He+ ions”, Phys.Rev. B56, 3447, (1997).

6. P.L. Elliott, C.I. Pakes, L. Skrbek and W.F. Vinen, “Shear modes in two-dimensional ionic Coulomb crystals”, Czech.J.Phys. 46 Suppl.S1, 335, (1996).

5. P.L. Elliott, C.I. Pakes, L. Skrbek and W.F. Vinen, “Damage and annealing in two-dimensional Coulomb crystals”, Czech.J.Phys. 46 Suppl.S1, 333, (1996).

4. P.L. Elliott, C.I. Pakes, L. Skrbek and W.F. Vinen, “Experimental investigation of low-frequency edge magnetoplasma modes in two-dimensional sheets of ions trapped below the surface of superfluid helium”, Czech.J.Phys. 46 Suppl.S1, 331 (1996).

3. P.L. Elliott, A.A. Levchenko, C.I. Pakes, L. Skrbek and W.F. Vinen, “Shear modes in 2D ion crystals trapped below the surface of superfluid helium”, Surface Science 361/362, 843 (1996).

2. N.J. Appleyard, P.L. Elliott, C.I. Pakes, L. Skrbek and W.F. Vinen, “Pools of ions trapped below the surface of superfluid helium:  modes of response in a steady vertical magnetic field”, J.Phys.: Condens.Matter 7, 8939, (1995).

1. P.L. Elliott, C.I. Pakes, L. Skrbek and W.F. Vinen, “Novel edge magnetoplasmons in a two-dimensional sheet of 4He+ ions”, Phys.Rev.Lett. 75, 3713, (1995).

Research projects

 We are currently studying molecular surface transfer doping in diamond, graphene, silicon and organic semiconductors. These experiments involve a range of techniques such as synchrotron-based photoemission, UHV scanning tunnelling microscopy and atomic force microscopy, and electronic transport.

Email me (c.pakes@latrobe.edu.au) to discuss potential research projects for honours and postgraduate degrees. We are also happy to host research projects for visiting international students which may be part of the degree at their home institution.