School of Psychological Science

		Dr Emiko Kashima Senior Lecturer		Phone: +61 3 9479 3829 Fax: +61 3 9479 1956 e.kashima@latrobe.edu.au Room 407 George Singer Building
		B.A. (Sacred Heart), Ph.D. (Illinois)

My research interests primarily reflect culture, which may have developed due to my extensive intercultural experiences, starting with participating in the AFS exchange program from Japan to Minnesota during my high-school year, PhD work in Illinois, and subsequent migration to Australia in 1985. I am an active member of the Asian Association of Social Psychology, the International Association of Cross-Cultural Psychology, and the Society of Australasian Social Psychologists. I currently conduct research on three broad questions concerning culture: (1) How culture influences individuals’ cognition and behaviours, (2) cultural dymanics, or how culture is maintained across time and space by a large group of people who may not interact directly with one another, and (3) how individuals learn new cultures as adults.

In pursuing the first line of questions, I conduct cross-cultural survey projects with my Australian and overseas colleagues (e.g., Japan, USA, Hong Kong, Korea, UK and Germany), investigating cultural differences and similarities in how people perceive their social world and try to relate to other individuals, groups, and their society, and what values and implicit assumptions may explain such cultural differences and similarities.

To investigate cultural dynamics, my previous research (in collaboration with Dr Y. Kashima) has examined the role of language use, particularly personal pronouns, in cultural construction of the self. Another project focusing on motivational mechanisms of cultural maintenance examines the roles played by self-esteem and epistemic motives in maintenance of culture. I also currently engage in an ARC Discovery project (with Drs Y. Kashima, N. Haslam, J. Boldero, and collaborators from the USA, Japan, and Belgium) that examines the role of narratives in the development and maintenance of culture.

Finally, I conduct and supervise students’ research on acculturation of immigrants and international students.

I am also a member of the Social Psychology Research Group who meet weekly to discuss social psychological research in order to maintain stimulating and supportive environment for researchers and students in the School who are interested in social processes.

Major Publications

Grants

Major Publications

Kashima, E.S., & Loh, E. (2006). International students’ acculturation: Effects of international, conational, and local ties and need for closure. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 30, 471-485.

Halloran, M. & Kashima, E. S. (2006). Culture and social identity. T. Postmes & J. Jetten (Eds.), Individuality and the group: Advances in social identity (pp. 137-154). Sage Press.

Kashima, Y., Kashima, E. S., Kim, U., & Gelfand, M. (2006). Describing the social world: Object-centered versus process-centered descriptions Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 42, 388-396.

Hardie, E. A., Kashima, E. S., & Pridmore, P. (2005). The influence of relational, individual and collective self-aspects on stress, uplifts and health. Self and Identity, 4, 1-24.

Kashima, Y., Kashima, E.S., Chiu, C-Y., Farsides, T., Gelfand, M., Hong, Y.Y., Kim, U., Strack, F., Worth, L., Yuki, Y., and Yzerbyt, V. (2005). Culture, essentialism, and agency: Are individuals universally believed to be more real entities than groups? European Journal of Social Psychology, 35, 147-169.

Kashima, E. S., Halloran, M., Yuki, M., & Kashima, Y. (2004). The effects of personal and collective mortality salience on individualism: Comparing Australians and Japanese with higher and lower self-esteem. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40, 384-392.

Halloran, M., & Kashima, E. S. (2004). Social identity and worldview validation: The influence of ingroup identity primes on mortality salience effects. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 915-925.

Kashima, Y., Kokubo, T., Kashima, E. S., Boxall, D., Yamaguchi, S., & MacRae, K. (2004). Culture and self: Are There Within-Culture Differences in Self between Metropolitan Areas and Regional Cities? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 816-823.

Kashima, Y., Kashima, E. S., Farsides, T., Kim, U., Strack, F. Worth, L. & Yuki, M. (2004). Culture and context-sensitive self: The amount and meaning of context-sensitivity of phenomenal self differ across cultures. Self and Identity, 3, 125-141.

Kashima, Y. & Kashima, E. S., & Aldridge, J. (2001). Towards cultural dynamics of self-conceptions. In C. Sedikides & M. B. Brewer (Eds.), Individual self, relational self, and collective self: Partners, opponents, or strangers? (pp. 277-298). Hove, UK: Psychology Press.

Kashima, Y., Woolcock, J., & Kashima, E. S. (2000). Group impressions as dynamic configurations: The tensor product model of group impression formation and change. Psychological Review, 107, 914-942.

Kashima, E. S., Kashima, Y., & Hardie, E. A. (2000). Self-typicality and group identification: Evidence for their separateness. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 3, 97-110.

Kashima, E. S., & Hardie, E. A. (2000). Development and validation of the relational, individual, and collective self-aspects (RIC) scale. Journal of Asian Social Psychology, Special Issue on Culture and Self, 3, 19-48.

Kashima, E. S. & Kashima, Y. (1999). Culture and language in social context. In J. Adamopoulos & Y. Kashima (Eds.), Social behavior in cultural contexts (pp. 189-201). Thausand Oakes, CA: Sage.

Kashima, E. S., & Kashima, Y. (1998). Culture and language: The case of cultural dimensions and personal pronoun use. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 29, 461-486.

Kashima, E. S., & Kashima, Y. (1993). Perceptions of general variability of social group. Social Cognition, 11, 1-21.

Grants

Cultural Dynamics of Narratives: Micro and Macro Implications of Narrative Transmission. ARC Discovery Grant (2004-2008) Y. Kashima, N. Haslam, J. Boldero, E. Kashima, C. Judd, V. Yzerbyt, & M. Karasawa. ($140,000; $140,000; $125,000; $100,000; $100,000).

Stereotype development and maintenance. ARC Discovery Grant (2002-2004). Y. Kashima, G. Robins, E. Kashima, & R.S. Tindale. ($50,000, $55,000, $55,000).

Conceptions of the person and the group: An application of the Tensor Product Model of exemplar-based social category learning. ARC Large Grant (1998-9) with Y. Kashima ($50,000, $45,000).

Culture, gender, and self: The role of relationalism in individual-collective processes. ARC Small Grant (1997) with E. Hardie ($8,100).

A connectionist approach to the contextual self: simulations and a cross-cultural study. ARC Small Grant (1997-9) with Y. Kashima ($10,000, $12,000, $12,000).