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POD21PBM Podiatric Biomechanics Worksheet The following questions are indicators of the material that is expected you be familiar with at this stage of the year. 1. What is the podiatric definition of a forefoot valgus? 2. What are the differences between a forefoot varus and a forefoot supinatus, and how might you clinically differentiate between the two? 3. What is a Morton's foot, and how could you modify an orthosis to stop compensation for this disorder? 4. Explain the differences in the gait cycle between a compensated and uncompensated rearfoot varus. 5. Why has the two axis model of the midtarsal joint been described as 'convenient theoretical fiction'? Why is it still used clinically to some degree? 6. What do the following abbreviations stand for: MPJ, PIPJ, STJ ROM and MTJ? 7. What does subtalar joint neutral represent? Why has it been a extremely important theoretical concept (at least historically!)? 8. What is the primary role of tibialis posterior during the gait cycle? 9. What are the consequences of an excessively pronated foot that persists throughout most of the gait cycle (generally)? 10. What has the axis of the first ray been defined as? 11. "If the subtalar joint of your patient undergoes a millionth of a degree greater than 6° of pronatory motion during the gait cycle, he or she is likely to develop a number of lower extremity pathologies". Do you have any concerns with this statement, given recent research and other factors? 12. Define one complete gait cycle (ie. it's from x to y) 13. How did Merton Root come up with the idea of STJ neutral? 14. What is the classic lesion distribution seen with a fully compensated forefoot varus? 15. What is wrong with the traditionally accepted aetiological theory of forefoot varus (involving talar head torsion)? 16. Why do you need first ray plantarflexion for efficient propulsion during the gait cycle? 17. Using point form, outline the concept of flexor stabilisation.
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