Dictyostelium RasD is required for normal phototaxis,
but not differentiation

Andrew Wilkins,1,5Meenal Khosla,2,5 Derek J. Fraser,3,5 George B. Spiegelman,2Paul R. Fisher,3
Gerald Weeks,2and Robert H. Insall 4,6

1 MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Departments of Physiology, University College London, London WC1E
6BT, UK; 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British
Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada; 3 Department of Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083,
Australia; 4 School of Biosciences, Birmingham University, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK

RasD, a Dictyostelium homolog of mammalian Ras, is maximally expressed during the multicellular stage of
development. Normal Dictyostelium aggregates are phototactic and thermotactic, moving towards sources of
light and heat with great sensitivity. We show that disruption of the gene for rasD causes a near-total loss of
phototaxis and thermotaxis in mutant aggregates, without obvious effects on undirected movement. Previous
experiments had suggested important roles for RasD in development and cell-type determination. Surprisingly,
rasD - cells show no obvious changes in these processes. These cells represent a novel class of phototaxis
mutant, and indicate a role for a Ras pathway in the connections between stimuli and coordinated cell
movement.

[Key Words: Phototaxis; Dictyostelium; oncogenes; Ras; small GTPases]
Received January 10, 2000; revised version accepted April 7, 2000.