REFERENCES

About Autism. United States of America: Association for Science in Autism Treatment. Retrieved October 3, 2005 from World Wide Web: http://www.asatonline.org

Alberto, P. A. & Troutman, A. C. (1999) Applied Behaviour Analysis for Teachers. (5 th edition). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.

American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4 th Ed. Text Revision). Washington DC.

Autism: Interventions and Strategies for Success.
Wisconsin , United States of America: Special Education Services. Retrieved October 2, 2005 from World Wide Web: http://www.cesa7.k12.wi.us

Autism Victoria. (2004). Autism Information Package. Victoria: Autism Victoria Inc.

Berger, D.S. (2002). Music Therapy, Sensory Integration and the Autistic Child. London, England: Jessica Kingsley Publishers Ltd.

Beukelman, D., & Mirenda, P. (1998). Augmentative and Alternative Communication: Management of Severe Communication Disorders in Children and Adults (2nd Edition). Baltimore, Maryland: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc.

Bosseler, A. & Massaro, D. (2003 ). Development and Evaluation of a Computer-Animated Tutor for Vocabulary and Language Learning in Children with Autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 33, 653-672.

Brown, K., Wacker, D., Derby, M., Peck, S., Richman, D., Sasso, G., Knutsun, C. & Harding J. (2000). Evaluating the Effects of Functional Communication Training in the Presence and Absence of Establishing Operations. Journal of Applied Behaviour Analysis 1, 53-71.

Bruner, J. (1981). The social context of language acquisition. Journal of Language Acquisition 1, 155 – 178.

Bunt, L. & Hoskyns, S. (2002). The Handbook of Music Therapy. East Sussex, England: Brunner-Routledge.

Chan, A., Cheung, J., Leung, W., & Cheung, R. (2005). Verbal Expression and Comprehension Deficits in Young Children with Autism. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities 20, 117-125.

Charlop-Christy, M. H., Carpenter, M., Le, L., LeBlanc, L. A., & Kellet, K. (2002). Using the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) with children with autism: Assessment of PECS Acquisition, speech, social-communicative behaviour, and problem behaviour. Journal of Applied Behaviour Analysis 35, 213-231.

Common Characteristics of Autism.
United States of America : Autism Society of America. Retrieved August 18, 2005 from World Wide Web: http://www.autism-society.org

Dawson, G., & Osterling, J. (1997). Early Intervention in Autism: Effectiveness and common elements of current approaches. In M.J. Guralnick (Ed.). The Effectiveness of Early Intervention: Second Generation Research. pp.307-326. Baltimore, MD: Paul Brooks Publishing.

Davison, G.C., Neale, J.M. & Kring, A.M. (2004). Abnormal Psychology. (9 th Ed.). United States of America: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Delprato, D. (2001). Outcome Comparison Study Between Discrete-Trial and Normalised Behavioural Language Intervention. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 31, 315-325.

Dempsey, I., & Foreman, P. (2001). A Review of Educational Approaches for Individuals with Autism. International Journal of Disability, Development & Education 8, 103-116.

Derby , M., Wacker, D., Berg, W., De Raad, A., Ulrich, S., Asmus, J., Harding, J., Pouty, A., Laffey, P. & Stoner, E. (1997). The Long-Term Effects of Functional Communication Training in the Home Setting. Journal of Applied Behaviour Analysis 3, 507-531.

Dunlap, G. & Duda, M. (2001). Using Functional Communication Training to Replace Challenging Behaviour. Centre on the Social and Emotional Foundations for Early Learning. What Works Briefs. Brief 11.

Edelson, M.G. (1995). Autism-Related Disorders in DSM-IV. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4 th Ed.) Department of Psychology, Willamette University: Oregon.

Effective Programming for Young Children with Autism (Ages 3-5).
Wisconsin , United States of America: Special Education Services. Retrieved October 2, 2005 from World Wide Web: http://www.cesa7.k12.wi.us

Filipek, P. A., Accardo, P. J., Baranek, G. T., Cook, Jr., E. H., Dawson, G., Gordon, B., Gravel, J. S., Johnson, C. P., Kallen, R. J., Levy, S. E., Minshew, N. J., Ozonoff, S., Prizant, B. M., Rapin, I., Rogers, S. J., Stone, W. L., Teplin, S., Tuchman, R. F., & Volkmar, F. R. (1999). The Screening and Diagnosis of Autistic Spectrum Disorders. In S. Hyman (Ed.), The Science of Mental Health – Volume 2 Autism (pp. 11-56). New York: Routledge.

Frost, L. & Bondy, A. (2002). PECS : The Picture Exchange Communication System Training Manual. Cherry Hill, NJ: Pyramid Educational Consultants.

Ganz, J. B. & Simpson, R. L. (2004). Effects on Communicative Requesting and Speech Development of the Picture Exchange Communication System in Children with Characteristics of Autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 34, 395-409.

Gold, C., & Wigram, T. (2003). Music therapy for autistic spectrum disorder (Protocol). The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 3, (Article number: CD004381). Retrieved September 30, 2005 from World Wide Web: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/mrwhome/10568753/HOME.

Green, G. (1996). Evaluating claims about treatments for autism. Behavioural intervention for children with autism: What does the research tell us? Pro-Ed: Austin, 29 – 44.

Greenspan, S. (1999). Developmental patterns and outcomes in infants and children with disorders in relating and communication: A chart review of 200 cases of children with autistic spectrum diagnoses. Journal of Developmental and Learning Disorders 1, 87 –141.

Grove, N., & Walker. M., (1990). The Makaton Vocabulary: Using Manual Signs and Graphic Symbols to Develop Interpersonal Communication. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 6 15-28.

Harris, M., Jones, D., Brookes, S., & Grant, J. (1986). Relations between the non-verbal content of maternal speech and rate of language development. British Journal of Development Psychology 4 , 261-141.

Kasher, A., & Meilijson, S. (2000). Autism and Pragmatics of Language. Journal of Pragmatics 4, 34-54.

Keen, D., Sigafoos, J. & Woodyatt, G. (2000).Functional Communication Training and Pre-linguistic Communication Behaviour of Children with Autism. Advances in Speech Language Pathology 2, 107 – 117.

Klin, A., Lang, J., Cicchetti, D.V., & Volkmar, F.R. (2000). Brief Report: Interrater Reliability of Clinical Diagnosis and DSM-IV Criteria for Autistic Disorder: Results of the DSM-IV Autism Field Trial. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 30, 163-167.

Kravits, T. R., Kamps, D. M., Kemmerer, K., & Potucek, J. (2002). Brief Report: Increasing Communication Skills for an Elementary-Aged Student with Autism Using the Picture Exchange Communication System. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 32, 225-230.

Levels of Evidence.
Australia : The Joanna Briggs Institute. Retrieved April 14, 2005 from World Wide Web: http://www.joannabriggs.edu.au

Libbey, J., Sweeten T., McMahon W., & Fujinami R. (2005). Review: Autistic Disorder and Viral Infections. Journal of Neurology 11, 1-10.

Malhotra, S. & Nitin, G. (1999). Childhood Disintegrative Disorder. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 491-498.

Massaro, D. W. (1998). Perceiving Talking Faces: From Speech Perception to a Behavioural Principle. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Massaro, D.W., Cohen, M.M., & Beskow, J. (1999). From theory to practice: Rewards and challenges. Proceedings of the International Conference of Phonetic Sciences. California: San Francisco.

McEachin, J., Smith, T., & Lovaas, O. (1993). Long-term outcome for children with autism who received early intensive behavioural treatment. American Journal of Mental Retardation 97, 359 – 372.

Miller, M., Stromland, K., Ventura, L., Johansson, M., Bandim, J., & Gillberg, C. (2005). Autism Associated with Conditions Characterized by Developmental Errors in Early Embryogenesis: A mini review. International Journal of Developmental Neurosciences 23, 201-219.

Milton, A. (2005). Makaton Basic Workshop, Makaton Victoria.

Mirenda, P., & Donnlelan, A. (1986). Effects of Adult Interaction Style on Conversational Behaviour in Students with Severe Communication Problems. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 17, 126-141.

Muhle, R., Trentacoste, S., & Rapin I. (2004). Review: The Genetics of Autism. Pediatrics 113, 472-486.

Music Therapy. (2005, September 28).
Melbourne, Victoria: Australian Music Therapy Association Inc. Retrieved October 2, 2005 from World Wide Web: http://www.austma.org.au

Nelson, K., & Camarata, S. (1996). Effects of Imitative and Conversation Recasting Treatment on the Acquisition of Grammar in Children with Specific Language Impairment and Younger Language-Normal Children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Rehabilitation 39, 850-859.

Nelson, L. (2001). Functional Communication Training. Speech Sense 3. Edition. 3.

Nye, C. & Brice, A., (2002) Combined vitamin B6-magnesium treatment in autism spectrum disorder. Cochrane Reviews Library.

Paul, R. (2001). Language disorders from infancy to adolescence. Assessment and intervention. (2 nd edition). St Louis: Mosby Inc.

Peeters, T., & Gillberg, C. (1999). Autism: Medical and Educational Aspects. London: Whurr Publishing.

Prizant, B.M., & Wetherby, A.M. (1998). Understanding the Continuum of Discrete-trial Traditional Behavioural to Social-pragmatic Developmental Approaches. Communication Enhancement for Young Children with ASD in Seminars in Speech and Language, 329-353.

Ratner, N. & J. Bruner (1978). Games, social exchange and the acquisition of language. Journal of Child Language 5, 391-401.

Reilly, S., Douglas, J., & Oates, J. (Eds). (2004). Evidence Based Practice in Speech Pathology. London: Whurr Publishers.

Rimland, B. (1991). Vitamin B6 versus Fenfluramine: A case-study medical bias. Journal of Nutrition and Medicine 2, 21–2.

Saggers, E. (1995). Functional Communication Training for the Treatment of Multiply Determined Challenging Behaviours in Two Boys with Autism. University of Queensland.

Scattone, D., Wilczynski, S. M., Edwards, R. P. & Rabian, B. (2002). Decreasing Disruptive Behaviours of Children with Autism Using Social Stories. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 32, 535-543

Schopler, E. (2001). Treatment for Autism: From Science to Pseudo-Science or Anti-Science. In E. Schopler, N. Yirmiya, C. Schulman & L.M. Marcus (Eds.). The Research Basis for Autism Intervention (pp.9-24). New York: Plenum Publishers.

Seminars. United States of America: Institute for Applied Behaviour Analysis. Retrieved October 3, 2005 from World Wide Web: http://www.iaba.com

Shames, G.H., Wiig, E.H., & Secord, W.A. (1998). Human Communication Disorders: An Introduction. (5 th edition). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

Shonkiff, J., Hauser-Cram, P., Krauss, M., & Upshur, C. (1992). Development of Infants with Disabilities and Their Families– Implications for Theory and Service Delivery. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 57.

Sigafoos, J., Woodyatt, G., Keen, D., Tait, K., Tucker, M., Roberts-Pennell, D & Pittendreigh, N. (2000). Identifying Potential Communicative Acts in Children with Developmental and Physical Disabilities. Communication Disorders Quarterly 21, 77-86.

Social Stories. The Gray Center for Social Learning and Understanding. Retrieved September 17, 2005 from the World Wide Web: http://www.thegraycenter.org/socialstories.asp?catID=3

Solomon, M., Goodlin-Jones, B., & Anders, T. (2004). A Social Adjustment for High Functioning Autism, Asperger’s Syndrome, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder NOS. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 34, 649-668.

Structured Teaching: Strategies for Supporting Students with Autism. Wisconsin, United States of America: Special Education Services. Retrieved October 2, 2005 from World Wide Web: http://www.cesa7.k12.wi.us

Sussman, F. (2002).Helping Parents become communication facilitators. More Than Words-The Hanen Program for Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. The Hanen Centre: Toronto, Canada.

Teaching and Learning Strategies.
Untied States of America: New Horizons. Retrieved October 1, 2005 from World Wide Web: http://www.newhorizons.org

Therapy, Training and Consultancy (2005, July 7)
Melbourne Victoria : Scope Victoria. Retrieved October 1, 2005 from World Wide Web: www.scopevic.org.au/therapy_advisory_makaton.html

Towbin, K.E. (2005). Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. In F.R. Volkmar, R. Paul, A. Klin, & D. Cohen (Eds.), Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders (3rd ed., pp. 165-200). Hoboken: Wiley.

Two-Day PECS Training Workshops. Pyramid Educational Consultants Australia. Retrieved September 10, 2005, from World Wide Web: http://www.pecsaustralia.com/fs_two_day_pecs.htm.

Using your hands to talk: Key Word Signing (2005, February 15). University of Newcastle, Australia: Makaton Australia Website. Retrieved September 17, 2005 from World Wide Web: http://www.newcastle.edu.au/centre/sed/makaton/articles/artUsingHands.html.

Viker, B. (2000). Social Communication and Language Characteristics associated with High Functioning, Verbal Children and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Indiana Resource Centre For Autism.

Vita cost (2004). United States of America: Retrieved October 4, 2005 from World Wide Web: http://www.vitacost.com/science/hn/Concern/Autism.htm

Volkmar, F. R., & Klin, A. (2000). Diagnostic Issues in Asperger Syndrome. In A. Klin, F. R. Volkmar & S. S. Sparrow (eds.), Asperger Syndrome. (pp.25-71). New York: The Guilford Press.

Volkmar, F.R., Klin, A., & Schultz, R.T. (2005). Pervasive Developmental Disorders. In B.J. Sadock & V.A. Sadock (Eds.), Kaplan & Sadock’s Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry Vol II (8 th ed., pp.3164-3182). United States of America: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Wall, K. (2004). Autism and Early Years Practice – A Guide for Early Years Professional, Teachers and Parents. London, England: Paul Chapman Publishing.

What Autism Medications Are Available? ( 2005). United States of America: Discovery health. Retrieved October 3, 2005 from World Wide Web: http://health.discovery.com/centers/mental/autism/meds.html

What is the Lovaas method? (2005)
London , United Kingdom : The National Autistic Society. Retrieved October 2, 2005 from the World Wide Web: http://www.nas.org.uk/nas/jsp/polopoly

Whipple, J. (2004). Music in Intervention for Children and Adolescents with Autism: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Music Therapy 41, 90-106.

Williams, K.W., Wray, J., & Wheeler DM. (2005). Intravenous secretin for autism spectrum disorder. Cochrane reviews library.

Wimpory , D.C. & Nash. S. (1999). Musical Interaction Therapy- Therapeutic Play for Children with Autism. Child Language Teaching and Therapy 15, 17-28.

Volkmar, F.R., Koenig, K., & McCarthy, M. (2003). Autism: Diagnosis and Epidemiology. In E. Hollander (Ed.). Autism Spectrum Disorders (pp.1-14). New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc.

Williams, K., Mellis, C., & Peat, J.K. (2005). Incidence and Prevalence of Autism. Advances in Speech-Language Pathology 7, 31-40.

Yoder, P. (1995). Effect of Verbal Routine Contexts and Expansions on Gains in the Mean Length of Utterance in Children with Developmental Delays. Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools 26.

Zanetti, M. (2005). Language Pragmatics in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Are We Being Relevant? (Presentation). Richmond, VA.