Archaeology Program
An Archaeology of Institutional Confinement: The Hyde Park Barracks 1848-1886
 Aims, Objectives and Expected Outcomes
The assemblage excavated from the Hyde Park Barracks (HPB) during the course of its restoration is one of the largest, most comprehensive, and best-preserved archaeological assemblages derived from any 19th-century institution anywhere in the world. The bulk of the HPB collection was excavated between 1979 and 1981, with more than 50% coming from underfloor spaces of the main building and dating to the period of the Immigration Depot (1848–1886) and Destitute Asylum (1862–1886). This component of the assemblage represents a simply vast array of material culture related to women and, in some cases, children. Among the detritus of everyday life there are rosaries and religious medals, skirt lengths, sewing equipment, costume jewellery, children’s toys and clothing, medicine bottles (sometimes with the names of the patients still on the labels), bits of mending, and above all snow drifts of paper from letters, newspapers, improving works and religious tracts. The collection is of great global significance, and has the capacity to tell us much about the history of women in the 19th century, specifically and the operation of institutions such as destitute asylums and their English counterparts, the workhouses and, to a lesser extent, the experience of female immigration in the mid 19th century. Over 20 years after its excavation, large components of the assemblage remain essentially unanalysed.
This project articulates the rigorous analysis of the HPB artefact assemblage with relevant historical documentation to write the historical archaeology of one of the iconic sites of Australian history. In so doing the research will underpin broader inquiries into the historical archaeology of institutions and of migration in the modern world. It builds on over ten years of research on sites in Sydney conducted by the Exploring the Archaeology of the Modern City (EAMC) Project (C00002438) and related work separately funded by the Historic Houses Trust of NSW (HHT). Analysis will occur at several levels, ranging from a single sealed deposit to comparisons between contexts across the main Barracks building. Significantly, we will broaden and deepen our understanding of life at the Barracks through comparison with other institutional sites in Australia and elsewhere, at the local, national and global levels.
Specifically the project will:
- complete the re-cataloguing and contextual analysis of artefacts recovered from the Hyde Park Barracks site, thereby creating a consistent database for the entire site, that will also be consistent with databases derived from other sites in Sydney analysed under the EAMC project, and from the major Melbourne site of Casselden Place (Murray 2006).
Drawing on this re-cataloguing work project staff will undertake advanced assemblage analysis on the assemblage to achieve the following goals:
- to more fully articulate perspectives on specified classes of material culture as a means of better understanding contexts of consumption, and more reliably contributing to analyses of the role of material culture in mediating ethnicity, gender roles, or class distinctions
- to write a historical archaeology of the Hyde Park Barracks that will enhance the site’s contribution to making new histories of migration and institutions in the 19th century
- to contribute to the development of a global comparative perspective on historical archaeology through publication and by participating in conferences and meetings
- to contribute, through consultation and publication, to the development of public programmes at the Hyde Park Barracks Museum and at the Historic Houses Trust of NSW generally. These programmes will enhance public understanding and appreciation of the history of the building, of the institutionalised care of the sick and the destitute, and the history of migration in Australia
- to enhance the heritage and historical potential of large assemblages derived from archaeological sites that are stored in museums around Australia, but which are rarely used as a resource for history-making.
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