Humanities and Social Sciences

Anthropology Program

Tongan History Association Newsletter

Vol.5 No.1, April 1994

Auckland Is Venue for the Next THA Conference

Originally planned for Melbourne (see last newsletter), the next conference will take place at the University of Auckland. Its theme is "Linking our Sea of Islands: Samoa, Fiji and Tonga." The conference will discuss the links between Samoa, Fiji, and Tonga, and will be held at the Tane-nui-a-Rangi Marae, University of Auckland, January 26 to 28, 1995. Major speakers will introduce the themes, and participants will be invited to submit written responses. Workshops will provide opportunities for discussion. Details concerning the registration fee, catering, and accommodation are presently being worked out. Inquiries to: Dr. Elizabeth Wood Ellem, History Department, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.

THA Helps Preserve Kolovai Historic Site

At the last THA conference in late June and early July, 1993, in Tonga, President Sione Latukefu urged the Association to work with the Tongan Government in preserving the site of the koka tree at Kolovai. Traditionally the Tu'i Kanokupolu was invested in his office when--as Ngata, the first Tu'i Kanokupolu had--he sat with his back to the l<oka tree and took a cup of kava. A piece of the koka tree is now in the royal throne, and sitting in it His Majesty continues the tradition of turning his back to the koka tree.
According to President Latukefu, the site has now been surveyed by the Department of Works, soil has been placed around the koka tree, and a large 'ovava tree on the site has been ceremonially removed. Present at the ceremony were His Royal Highness Prince 'Ulukalalala-Lavaka-Ata and his wife, Princess Nanasipau'u. These are the initial steps in implementing the plan for preserving the site as a national monument. A stone wall will be placed around the koka tree. Present provisional plans for developing the site are presented in the diagram below.

The Archive-Library at the Tongan National Centre

Researchers are encouraged to send reprints or xeroxes of their writings on Tonga to the archive-library at the Tongan National Centre. Send copies together with a 3" x 5" index card for each item containing information on author, title, and place of publication to Afu Taumoepeau (Tongan National Centre, PO Box 2598, Nuku'alofa, Tonga). The archive-library was established last year through the assistance of the Tongan History Association (see THA Newsletter, vol. 4, no. 2).

People

Dr. Elizabeth Wood Ellem has received a year-long fellowship from the Department of Anthropology, University of Auckland, and a year-long fellowship from the Macmillan Brown Centre, Christchurch, New Zealand, to work on the complete biography of Queen Salote.
Professor Kurt During expects to have his new book Pathways to the Western Samoan Present published soon.

Iwan Erichsson will be joining THA. He is presently working at the International Rural Development Center, the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, where he is head of the documentation unit. His became interested in the South Pacific in childhood. He writes that his "dreams came true" in 1984, when he made his first visit to Tonga. He has been there three more times. He has participated in a Swedish-Tongan team that is trying to establish industries and tourist facilities in Tonga. He has met His Majesty four times; and he has had two interviews with His Majesty that he has apparently video-ed. He would like to live in Tonga. He is most interested in finding ways to improve the facilities of the Royal Archive, and is looking for money to do so. He worked in the Royal Archive in 1988-1989. "My interest in other people and cultures is very strong, and I would like to help with my knowledge and experience."

Dr. Sione Latukefu continues his appointment in the Division of Pacific and Asian History, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University. He has written an article on the origins of the prodemocracy movement, which will appear in the Journal of Pacific History.

Research Notes

Wendy Pond writes: "I am searching for the Tongan text of the 1850 law code. I would very much appreciate advice on where to find it, and would members searching nineteenth century records kindly keep a lookout for it. Thank you. Wendy Pond, Wyuna Bay Rural Delivery, Coromandel, New Zealand."

Dr. Richard Moyle of the Department of Anthropology, The University of Auckland, and Editor of the Journal of the Polynesian Society notes that the centennial index (covering the period 1892 to 1991) of the Journal has just been published; it was compiled by Dorothy Brown. The index (279 pp., 1993) can be purchased for NZ$30.00 plus NZ$3.85 for postage and handling or US$17.50 plus US$2.00 for postage and handling. Members of the Polynesian Society may purchase the volume at 20 per cent discount on the listed price (above). Members and New Zealand residents who are not members may obtain their copy (but at the listed price) by writing to the Assistant Secretary, Polynesian Society, Department of Maori Studies, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand. Others should write to The University of Hawaii Press, 2840 Kolowalu Street, Honolulu Hawaii 96822, USA.

To facilitate research on tourism "the Centre des Hautes Etudes Touristiques of the University of Law, Economics and Sciences of Aix-Marseille has been annually collecting material to form the most important library in the world, dealing with multiple aspects of tourism and outdoor recreation (on the Ist of July 1993, 51,300 books + about 7,000 articles of scientific papers)" (from a flyer from the Centre). The Centre has indexed its collection using 1,300 key words, facilitating use of the collection. There are 52 documents on Tonga. For further information, contact R. Baretje, Director, Centres des Hautes Etudes Touristiques, Universite de Droit, d'Economie et des Sciences d'Aix-Marseille, 1, avenue Marcel Pagnol, 13090 Aix En Provence, France.
Catalogue 257 on Australia, the Pacific and South East Asia contains information on publications pertaining to these areas and can be obtained from Serendipity Books, Antiquarian Booksellers, PO Box 340, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia.

Recent Articles, Theses, Videos

Craig, Robert D. 1993. Historical Dictionary of Polynesia. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow Press (PO Box 4167, Metuchen, New Jersey 08840, USA).

Gunson, Niel. 1993. "Understanding Polynesian Traditional History." Journal of Pacific History 28:139-158.

Hills, Rodney C. 1993. "Predicaments in Polynesia: Culture and Constitutions in Western Samoa and Tonga." Pacific Studies 16:115-129.

James, Kerry. 1993. "Cutting the Ground from under Them? Commercialization, Cultivation, and Conservation in Tonga." The Contemporary Pacific, vol. 5, number 2, pp. 215-242.

Kaeppler, Adrienne L. 1993. "Poetics and Politics of Tongan Laments and Eulogies." American Ethnologist 20:474-501.

Kavapalu, Helen. 1993. "Dealing with the Dark Side in the Ethnography of Childhood: Child Punishment in Tonga." Oceania 63.

Mahina, 'Okusitino. 1993. "The Poetics of Tongan Traditional History, Tala-e-fonua." Journal of Pacific History 28:109-121.

Wendy Arbeit has produced the video "From Mortal to Ancestor--The Funeral in Tonga" (30 minutes). "Taped a year ago in Tonga, the music, pageantry, and ritual associated with funerals of even ordinary persons is explained by Latupopi Mafile'o, who presents extraordinary insights into Tongan culture." Available for US$50 for VHS, US$60 for 3/4' format (NTSC or PAL) (from The Centre for South Pacific Studies Newsletter, March 1 994).

A tribute to Bishop Finau appears in the South Pacific Journal of Mission Studies, Nos. 9 and 10, December 1993.

Reviews

Malie! Beautiful!: Dance Music of Tonga (PAN 2011CD [19921)
Faikava: The Tongan Kava Circle (PAN 2022CD [1993])
Reviewed by Thomas Malm, University of Lund, Sweden

Ever since the visits of Captain Cook in the 18th century, the Tongans have been known for their skills in singing and dancing. A visitor to their island kingdom can still enjoy songs and dances from old times, but also stylistic innovations by contemporary composers and performers.
Two new CDs, with an exquisite sound quality and a total playing time of over one hour each, have recently been released by Pan Records and provide both an enjoyable and interesting sound picture of contemporary Tonga. What we are presented with here is not mainly a documentation of relics of the past, but rather a variety of current songs-ancient as well as newly composed ones--as they are being sung today, a capella or accompanied with traditional percussion instruments as well as introduced stringed instruments. These songs are not the ones that are heard in dance halls, but in people's homes, in the kava clubs and during various festivities. The recordings have been made between 1982 and 1990.

An eight-page booklet is inserted in each CD cassette and provides information on contemporary Tongan music, dance, poetry and kava drinking. The two booklets are illustrated with some photographs showing dance costumes, musical instruments, singers and the preparation of kava. They have been written by Ad and Lucia Linkels, who have also recorded the material. Ad Linkels has produced an earlier study of dance, music and cultural dynamics in Tonga, written in Dutch: Geluiden van Verandering in Tonga: Dans, Muziek en Culturele Dynamiek in een Polynesisch Koninkrijk (Katwijk aan Zee, Netherlands, 1988: Servire).

On the first recording--appropriately entitled Malie!--which is an exclamation meaning that something is beautiful or fantastic--we find music and singing of eleven dance forms: me'etu'upaki, 'otuhaka, ula, tau faka-Niua, mako, meke, soke, kailao, tau'olunga, ma'ulu'ulu and lakalaka. The performers--on several tracks college students--are from the islands of Tongatapu, Vava'u, Lifuka, and 'Eua. Several of the songs are of historical interest, either because they are being sung in archaic Tongan or because they commemorate events of historical significance, such as the King's silver jubilee.

The second CD features fifteen hiva kakala, fragrant songs, generally love songs, where the symbolism of flowers and the natural beauty of specific name locations is used, always hiding a deeper, hidden meaning. These and one hymn are sung by male vocal groups during informal kava parties. They have been recorded on the islands of Tongatapu, Vava'u and Niuafo'ou. The singing during a kava party is traditionally not accompanied with any musical instruments. Instead, the beauty lies in the way of harmonizing, the special voice parts, the intensity with which the men sing and in the poetry of the Iyrics.

Both of these CDs contain very valuable musical documentation for posterity, presented in an informative and most pleasant way. They are highly recommended for anyoneinterested in Polynesian culture and history. Information on price and an extensive catalogue of recordings, including the "Anthology of Pacific Music" series, may be obtained by sending a self-addressed envelope and two international reply coupons to: Pan records, P.O. Box 155, 2300 AD Leiden, Netherlands. Fax: (+31-71) 226869.

Paul van der Grijp, 1993, Islanders of the South: Production. Kinship and Ideology in the Polynesian Kingdom of Tonga. Leiden: KITLV Press.
Reviewed by Aletta Biersack, University of Oregon, USA

In a stimulating theoretical introduction, Dr. van der Grijp explains at the outset that Islanders of the South focuses on the "mode of production," a focus that is
intended . . . to reveal the economic, political and other structures on which the empirical relations are based and by which those relations are orientated and
constrained using the concept of mode of production opens up a heuristic
perspective on the confrontation between different economic, political and ideological
systems. In the case of Tonga, this is the confrontation between an original mode of
production and mode of thinking and a capitalist one (p. 4).

Despite the obvious materialism of the focus, Grijp is interested in the "mode of thinking" as well as in the structures of production. Here he resists reductionism. The mode of thinking may reflect the mode of production, but it may also contradict it. This possibility is explored most interestingly toward the end of the monograph, when Grijp models the process of transition from a noncapitalist to a capitalist mode of production in Tonga. Early in the shift toward capitalism, Tongan entrepreneurs exploit traditional social and political structures. But these eventually block progress toward the development of a full-fledged capitalism. "Western economic practice . . presupposes a corresponding mode of thinking in which individualism and devotion to one's nuclear family and oneself are paramount" (p. 225). This has not happened in Tonga. Contemporary Tonga is therefore best understood with respect to its contradictions. In embracing "ambivalences of progress" as the defining mark of contemporary Tonga, Grijp boldly distances himself from George Marcus's notion of a "compromise culture." "I do not consider the hybrid relations of production analysed in this book as examples of a 'compromise culture', but as manifestations of social contradictions" (pp. 5-6). One could profitably use Grijp's notion of "ambivalences of progress" to analyze the presentday prodemocracy movement, both in its radical and in its sometimes surprisingly conservative impulses.

A second contribution to the literature on Tonga derives from Grijp's use of LeviStrauss's notion of maison or house. A house is "a local group of both biological and classificatory kin. It stems from a number of brothers and their descendants .... The norm for descent within the maison is patrilineal . . . " (p. 136), though houses may be perpetuated through nonpatrilineal links as well. Members are real or fictive kin, and membership can be created through adoption. Each house is headed by an 'ulumotu'a, the senior male (p. 140). The maison differs from the kindred or kainga in being a functional, local economic unit; and here Grijp's distinction between "society" and "mode of production" becomes important. "Society" refers to "empirical relations between people" (p. 4), but "mode of production" refers to "the economic, political and other structures on which the empirical relations are based and by which those relations are orientated and constrained" (ibid.). As a unit of analysis "house" or maison poses those very questions concerning the mode of production and its relation to the mode of thinking that preoccupy Grijp as "society" does not.

Among the book's many strengths are its contributions to rethinking social organization in modified "structural Marxist" terms and to theorizing the contemporary in the Pacific islands. The book also provides excellent empirical data on monetary contributions to various churches, the transfer of land, contemporary entrepreneurial styles, and domestic economies and household histories, as well as providing historical perspectives on the growing commercialization of the Tongan economy.

Theses on Tonga - Compiled by Thomas Malm

Baker, J. R. 1974. Transfer Costs in the Overseas and International Shipping Services of Fiji and Tonga. Australian National University. Ph.D.

Bataille, M.-C. 1986. Les Polynesiens des lles de Tonga et leur representations du milieu marin. 2 vols. Universite de Paris X. Ph.D.

Bates, K. M. 1934. The Foundations of Modern Tonga. University of New Zealand (Auckland). M.A.

Bernstein, L. M. 1983. Ko e Lau Pe (It's Just Talk): Ambiguity and Informal Social Control in a Tongan Village. University of California. Ph.D.

Bollard, E. E. 1974. The Impact of Monetization in Tonga. University of Auckland. Ph.D.

Burrows, E. G. 1937. Western Polynesia: A Study in Cultural Differentiation. Yale University. Ph.D. (Published with the same title in 1938; Ethnological Studies 7: 1 -192. Gothenburg, Sweden.)

Campbell, I . C. 1976. European Transculturists in Polynesia, 1789-1 840. University of Adelaide. Ph.D.

Cambell, S. J. 1957. The Development of Education in Tonga. University of Queensland. M.Ed.

Cato, A. C. 1951. A Survey of Education in Fiji, Tonga and Western Samoa with Special Attention to Fiji. University of Melbourne. Ph.D.

Couper, A. D. 1967. The Island Trade: An Analysis of the Environment and Operation of Seaborne Trade among Three Island Groups in the Pacific. Australian National University. Ph.D.

Cowling, W. 1990. On Being Tongan: Responses to Concepts of Tradition. Macquarie University. Ph.D.

Cummins, H. G. 1980. Missionary Chieftain: James Egan Moulton and Tongan Society. Australian National University. Ph.D.

Decktor-Korn, S. R. 1977. To Please Oneself: Local Organization in the Tonga Islands. Washington University (St. Louis, MO). Ph.D.

Fitzgerald, N. R. 1962. New Zealand Public Opinion and the Attempted Assassination of Rev. S. W. Baker and His Eventual Removal from Tonga: A Study of New Zealand Opinion, 1887-1890. University of Otago. M.A.

Fuka, M. L. A. 1985. The Auckland Tongan Community and Overseas Remittances. University of Auckland. M.A.

Gailey, C. W. 1981. "Our History is Written . . . in Our Mats": State Formation and the Status of Women in Tonga. New School for Social Research (New York). Ph.D.

Gordon, Tamar. 1988. Inventing Mormon Identity in Tonga. University of California at Berkeley. Ph.D.

Grijp, P. van der. 1987. Produktie en Denkwijzen in Polynesie. University of Nijmegen (Netherlands). Ph.D. Published as Islanders of the South: Production. Kinship and Ideology in the Polynesian Kinadom of Tonaa, Leiden: KITLV Press.

Gunson, N. 1955. The Missionary Vocation as Conceived by the Early Missionaries of the London Missionary Society in the South Seas, and the Extent to which this Conception was Modified by their Experiences in Polynesia, 1797-1839. University of Melbourne. M.A.

1 959. Evangelical Missionaries in the South Seas 1797-1860. Australian National University. Ph.D.

Hammer, G. E. 1952. The Early Years of the Wesleyan-Methodist Mission in Tonga (1822-1855). University of New Zealand (Dunedin). M.A.

Hardaker, J. B. 1975. Agriculture and Development in the Kingdom of Tonga. University of New England. Ph.D.

Herda, P. 1988. The Transformation of the Traditional Tongan Polity: A Genealogical Consideration of Tonga's Past. Australian National University. Ph.D.

Holper, H. 1 986. Tourismus in Tonga: Eine geographische Untersuchung zur Entwicklungsrelevanz eines jungen Wirtschaftswieges in einem traditionsreichen Inselstaat im Sudpazific. Geographisches Institut der RWTH Aachen (Germany). Ph.D. (Published: Aachener Geographische Arbeiten, Heft 18.)

Hornabrook, J. S. 1952. New Zealand and the Tongan Defence Force, 1939-1945.

Johnson, R. B. 1978. The Impact of Tourism in the Polynesian Kingdom of Tonga. California State University. M.A.

Kaeppler, A. L. 1967. The Structure of Tongan Dance. University of Hawaii. Ph.D.

Kavaliku, S. L. 1961. An Analysis of 'Ofa in Tongan Society: An Empirical Approach. Harvard University. B.A. (Hons.)

Kavapalu, H. 1991. Becoming Tongan: An Ethnography of Childhood in the Kingdom of Tonga. Australian National University. Ph.D.

Kemp, A. G. 1954. An Account of Education in the Kingdom of Tonga: Its Problems and Current Development. University of Auckland. Dip. Ed.

Kirch, D. C. 1984. Tourism as Conflict in Polynesia: Status Degradation among Tongan Handicraft Sellers. University of Hawaii. Ph.D.

Koch, G. 1949. Die fruhen europaischen Einflusse auf die Kulture der Bewohner der Tonga-lnseln and deren Folgen. Georg-August University of Gottingen (Germany). Ph.D.

Koskinen, A. A. 1952. Missionary Influence as a Political Factor in the Pacific Islands. Finnish Academy of Science. Ph.D. (Published by the same title in 1953: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seuran Kirjapainon Oy, Helsinki, Finland.)

Latukefu, S. 1967. The Influence of the Wesleyan Methodist Missionaries on the Political Development of Tonga, 1826-1875. Australian National University. Ph.D.

Lolohea, S. 1984. Tongan Tourism: A State Directed Sector. University of Auckland. M.A.

Lovett, I. W. 1958. A Study of Tongan Children with Special Attention given to the PreAdolescent Age Group. University of Auckland. Dip. Ed.

Mahina, 'O. 1 986. Religion, Politics and the Tu'i Tonga Empire. University of Auckland. M.A.

Marcus, G. E. 1975. The Ancient Regime in the Modern Kingdom of Tonga: Conflict and Change among the Nobility of a Polynesian Constitutional Monarchy. Harvard University. Ph.D.

Marsaudon, F. 1993. Les premieres fruits: Parente, identite sexuelle et pouvoirs en Polynesie occidentale (Tonga, Wallis et Futuna). L'Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (Paris). Ph.D.

Maude, A. M. 1965. Population, Land and Livelihood in Tonga. Australian National University. Ph.D.

Morton, E. J. 1962. A Descriptive Grammar of Tongan (Polynesian). University of Indiana. Ph.D.

Morton, K. L. 1972. Kinship, Economics and Exchange in a Tongan Village. University of Oregon. Ph.D.

Needs, A. P. 1988. New Zealand Aid and the Development of Class in Tonga. Massey University. M.A. (Published: Studies in Development and Social Change Series, Department of Sociology, Massey University.)

Newell, W. H. 1945. A Brief Study of Problems of Acculturation Arising from TroopNative Contact in the Area around Fua'amotu Aerodrome, Friendly Islands. University of New Zealand (Wellington). M.A.

Perminow, A. A. 1990. The Long Way Home: Dilemmas of Learning and Deciding on a Tongan Atoll of Ha'apai. University of Oslo (Norway). M.A. (Published in 1993/94; The Long Way Home: Dilemmas of Learning and Deciding on Kotu Island in Ha'apai. Tonga. Scandinavian University Press, Oslo.)

Poulsen, J. I. 1964. A Contribution to the Prehistory of the Tongan Islands. 2 vols. Australian National University. Ph.D.

Rogers, G. 1968. Politics and Social Dynamics in Niuafo'ou: An Outlier in the Kingdom of Tonga. University of Auckland. M.A.

. 1975. Kau and Kava in Niuatoputapu: Social Relations, Ideologies and Context in a Rural Tongan Community. University of Auckland. Ph.D.

Rutherford, N. 1966. Shirley Baker and the Kingdom of Tonga. Australian National University. Ph.D. (Published work: Shirley Baker and the King of Tonga. Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 1971.)

Sahlins, M. D. 1954. Social Stratification in Polynesia. Columbia University. Ph.D. (Published with the same title in 1958: University of Washington Press, Seattle.)

Sevele, F. V. 1973. Regional Inequalities in Socio-Economic Development in Tonga. University of Canterbury (Christchurch). Ph.D.

Shepherd, W. 1938. The Position of Tubou College in the Educational System of Tonga. University of Melbourne. B.Ed.

Small, C. A. 1987. Women's Associations and their Pursuit of Wealth in Tonga: A Study in Social Change. Temple University (Philadelphia). Ph.D.

Smith, J. R. 1962. A Study to Develop Business Curriculum for Samoan and Tongan Students. Colorado State College. Ed.D.

Sutton, J. 1963. Education in Tonga: Church and State. University of Auckland. Ph.D.

Tamahori, M. J. 1963. Cultural Change in Tongan Bark-Cloth Manufacture. University of Auckland. M.A.
Uplegger, H. 1960. Der Sakrale Furst auf Tahiti, Hawaii und Tonga: Zum Sakralen Konigtum in Polynesien. University of Mainz (Germany). Ph.D.

Urbanowicz, C. 1973. Tongan Culture: The Methodology of an Ethnographic Reconstruction. University of Oregon. Ph.D.

Walsh, A. C. 1964. Nuku'alofa, Tonga: A Preliminary Study of Urbanization and InMigration. Victoria University of Wellington. M.A.

Welch, R. 1989. Ethnicity amongst Auckland Mormons. University of Auckland. Ph.D.

Wood-Ellem, E. 1981. Queen Salote Tupou lil and Tungi Mailefihi: A Study of Leadership in 20th Century Tonga (1918-41). University of Melbourne. Ph.D.

Woolacott, A. 1978. Basil Thomson: Participant Historian of the Pacific. University of Adelaide. B.A. (Hons.).

Send information about omitted theses (James, Mahina, McGrath, Spenneman, etc.) to the editor of the newsletter, Aletta Biersack, Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
97403, USA.

Conferences

October 19-22. 1995: A conference has been tentatively scheduled for October 19-22, 1995, on "Rewriting the Pacific: Cultures, Frontiers, and the Migration of Metaphors" at the University of California at Davis. "The purpose of this conference is to promote a transnational dialogue between scholars in the human sciences who are engaged in reconceptualizing questions of cultural identity in the contemporary cultures of the Pacific.... There will be five sections: I. myths of national identity ..., 2. garden, wilderness, city: technologies of land and light, 3. gendered identities and the reshaping of social spaces, 4. tourism . . ., 5. war: private/public memory and the sense of the sacred" (from the call for papers). For more information, contact: Prof. M. Kay Flavell, Program in Critical Theory, 502 Sproul Hall, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.

August 4-7. 1994: "Freedom and Modernity? Early Modern Studies in the Pacific": "Taking place at the National Library of New Zealand, Wellington from 4-7 August, 1994, "the main purpose of the conference is to examine the relation of early modern studies (to c. 1850) to contemporary thinking about 'freedom' and 'modernity', with particular reference to the significance of European intellectual culture about the Pacific." For further information contact: Dr. Glyn Parry, History Department, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600 Wellington, New Zealand (from The Centre for South Pacific Studies Newsletter, March 1994).

December 15-17. 1994: The European Society for Oceanists will hold a conference on "Knowing Oceania, Constituting Knowledge and Identities" at Basel, Switzerland, from December 15th to 17th. For further information, contact Dr. Jurg Wassmann, Institute of Ethnology, University of Basel, Munsterplatz 19, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland (from The Centre for South Pacific Studies Newsletter, March 1994).

August 1994: A conference on "sustainable living in the aquatic continent: creating sustainable jobs" will be held at the Maui Pacific Centre in August. The theme of the conference is "maintaining cultural values and integrity while striving to improve the quality of life through trade and economic growth, using new technology and improved resource management approaches." For further information contact Maui Pacific Centre, 590 Lipoa Parkway, Kihei, Hawaii 96753, USA (from The Centre for South Pacific Studies Newsletter, March 1994).

September 14-1 7. 1 994: "From the Inside Out: Theorizing Pacific Literature": "The 19th Annual University of Hawaii Pacific Islands Studies Conference will take place from 14-17 September, 1994 in Honolulu, Hawaii. 'The aim of the conference is to bring together literary and cultural critics from around the world to discuss issues related to criticism of Pacific literature . . . written by indigenous Pacific Islanders since the 1960s'." For further information contact Dr. Vilsoni Hereniko, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Centre for Pacific Studies, 1890 East-West Road, Moore 215, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA (from The Centre for South Pacific Studies Newsletter, March 1994).

THA Member List and Addresses

Dr. Marie-Claire Bataille Benguigui, Ichtyologie generale et appliquee, Museum national d'histoire naturelle, 43, Rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France; FAX: 40.79.34.84

Dr. Aletta Biersack, Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA; FAX 1-503-346-0668.

Dr. Ian Campbell, Department of History, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand

Dr. Virginia Gonzalez Claveran, El Colegio de Mexico, Centre de Estudios Historicos, Camino al
Ajuscozo, 01000 Mexico P. F., Mexico; FAX: 52-5 645-04-64

Dr. Wendy E. Cowling, Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology, Waikato University,
Hamilton, New Zealand

Freya Higgins Desbiolles, Flat 1, Silsoe House, 2 Ampthill Road, Silsoe, Bedford, MK45 HDX,
United Kingdom

Stephen Donald, PO Box 51, Porangahau, New Zealand

Professor Kurt During, c/o B. Moors, PO Box 18, Apia, Western Samoa

Dr. Elizabeth Wood Ellem, Department of History, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019,
Auckland, New Zealand

Iwan Erichsson, Bergslagsresan 103, S-757 55 Uppsala, Sweden; FAX: 46-18-154457

Mrs. 'Alisa P. Fotu, c/- Ministry of Education, PO Box 61, Nuku'alofa, Tonga

Salote A. Fukofuka, U.S.P. Centre, P.O. Box 278, Nuku'alofa, Tonga

Mrs. 'Eseta Fusitu'a, Deputy Secretary to Government, Prime Minister's Office, PO Box 62,
Nuku'alofa, Tonga

Dr. Paul van der Grijp, Faculteit der Sociale Wetenschappen, Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht,
Weezenhof 67-55, 6536 BG Nijmegen, The Netherlands

Dr. Niel Gunson, Division of Pacific an~heastAsian History, Research School of Pacific
Studies, Australian National University, GPO Box 4, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia

Professor Futa Helu, Director, 'Atenisi Institute, Box 220, Nuku'alofa, Tonga

Dr. Phyllis S. Herda, Department of History, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600,
Wellington, New Zealand

Freya Higgins-Desbiolles, International Relations Office, Schiller International University, Royal
Waterloo House, 51-55 Waterloo Road, London SE1 8TX. England

Henry Ivarature, c/o Mr. Jim Kuapa, PO Box 42, University Post Office, Papua New Guinea

Dr. Adrienne Kaeppler, Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History/National
Museum of Man, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USA

Dr. Ruth Latukefu,8 Dennis, Garran, Canberra, ACT 2605, Australia

Dr. Sione Latukefu, Division of Pacific and Asian History, Research School of Pacific Studies,
Australian National University, GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia; FAX: 61-6-257-
1 893

'Uhila Liava'a, c/o Parliament House, Nuku'alofa, Tonga

Dr. Barbara McGrath, Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195,
USA

Thomas Malm, University of Lund, Department of Social Anthropology, PO Box 114, S-221 OO
Lund, Sweden

Dr. Francoise Marsaudon, c/o Dr. Paul van der Grijp, Faculteit der Sociale Wetenschappen,
Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht, Weezenhof 67-55, 6536 BG Nijmegen, The Netherlands

Helen Morton (formerly Kavapalu),3 The Nook, Viewbank, Victoria 3084, Australia

Dr. Alexei Perminow, Ethnographic Museum, Fredriksgatan #2,0164 Oslo 1, Norway

Dr. Nancy Pollock, Department of Anthropology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington,
New Zealand

Wendy Pond,16 Tangahoe St., Paekakariki, New Zealand

Robert Seaholm, 936 South Pennsylvania Street, Denver, Colorado 80209, USA

Dr. Elizabeth Bott Spillius (honorary member) (address unavailable)

'Ana Taufe'ulungaki, c/- Ministry of Education, PO Box 61, Nukutalofa, Tonga

Afu and Mele Taumoepeau, Tongan National Centre, Box 23022, Nuku'alofa, Tonga

Dr. Jehanne Teilhet-Fisk, Department of Visual Arts, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla,
CA 92093, USA

H.R.H. Princess Salote Pilolevu Tuita (THA patron)

Edgar Tu'inukuafe, Pacific Islanders' Educational Resource Centre,272 Jervois Road, Herne Bay,
PO Box 46-056, Auckland 2, New Zealand

Karl Tutinukuafe,189 Victoria Rd., Devonport, Auckland, New Zealand

Emil Wolfgramm, 48162 Waiahole Valley Road, Kahaluu, Hawaii 96744

Institutions receiving the THA Newsletter: Tonga Development Bank, Alexander Turnbull Library, Tonga National Cultural Centre, Palace Office, Pacific Regional International Council on Archives, Center for South Pacific Studies, The University of New South Wales, Macmillan Brown Centre, University of Hawaii Library.

Editor's Note

Notices that you wish to have appear in the next newsletter--volume 5 no. 2, scheduled to appear in late October 1994--should be sent to Aletta Biersack, Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA. Reviews in the next issue: lan Campbell's Island Kingdom: Tonga Ancient & Modern and Arne Aleksej Perminow's The Long Way Home: Dilemmas of Everyday Life in a Tongan Village.

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